March into the archives : gender essay/fiction



The following short story was written for an anthropology class on gender in 1998. All of the best bits come from the work of Anka Radakovich, shown with Michael Jackson in the photo above. Sex and the City hadn't started screening in Australia yet.

“Sex is to gender as nature is to culture. Discuss”

An essay/mock-article/short fiction by Jason Richardson for ANTH2025

Before civil rights and the second wave of feminism, James Brown told a generation of sisters that “It’s a man’s world”. Well, I’ve always wanted to penetrate it.

You might expect this would require years of hormone treatment and extensive surgery but I’ve found a scoop. By switching gender identities I wanted to see the world through the male gaze. I’d deconstruct our differences. I wanted to test Simone de Beauvoir’s theory that the roles of male and female are shaped by our reproductive organs.

Think about it. Women, with our internal, squishy accommodations tend to be more self-protective and introspective. On the other hand, men, because of their fleshy protuberances are constantly reminded of their biological imperative: a mission discovered during puberty to spread the seed and conquer the planet. Women don’t make a big deal of what’s downstairs. After all, it’s one thing guys aren’t too judgemental about. Men are clearly more vain when it comes to genital appearance. That’s why they’ve built monuments throughout the world to resemble the phallus. It’s a man’s world all right. And for the full manly experience I needed my own Twilight Zone episode. Y’know, the one where Jane Doe turns into Joe Average and no one notices. The next best thing on offer was a reconnaissance mission as a gender spy. An undercover Bond girl. I’d once been told that I had balls. It was time to time to weigh them.

I arranged to collect the evidence and, ultimately, I wanted to rock the world with my counter-cultural excursion by writing the type of thing that makes footnotes for a decade.

An article that reappeared on reading lists throughout my years at university was ‘Throwing like a girl’ by Iris Marion Young. She was a phenomenological existentialist - which sounds like an overstatement for someone who makes sense of a phenomena such as nature. She argued that as a Western woman my understanding of femininity is based on a biological fact. That as a woman, my existence was shaped by my physical abilities and actions. I figured that if there were any truth to this, then by experiencing life as a man I could compare the theories and stereotypes to my gender reality. Furthermore, if I could pass as a man in the world, it would be because my actions didn’t unselfconsciously give me away as a woman.

To guide me out of the Yang - my big, black hole of femininity - I enlisted the skills of Alexis Jones. She runs a performance group - Feminine Disposal Unit - who promise a culture shock without leaving town. Something like an out-of-gender experience.
A passport to the Men’s room.

Alexis explained what was involved and suggested traits to incorporate into my new male character. “The trick to passing as a man is thinking and behaving rather than looking and acting” Jones encouraged. “If you feel confident then nobody will suspect. And rather than being bemused, you’ll be surprised at the man you’ve become”.
To begin we picked out a wardrobe. For it to fit properly I flattened my boobs with bandages. My make-up came off and I unclipped my hair. Finally, I removed my jewellery and put it into the toe of my heels. There was an eerie moment when I felt a sensation like the type of unconfidence that plagued me around puberty. It was gym changeroom all over again. The sentimental shiver passed as Alexis slicked my hair back and rubbed a dark powder onto my face.

Slowly I developed blackheads and pores and even a five-o’clock shadow. With a little more make-up she’d simulated an Adam’s apple and a cleft chin. Then Alexis applied the masculine veil of facial hair. Just an arch or three: a 70s cop show moustache and fattened my eyebrows. I was almost too stunned to stop Jones from applying a hairy mole upon my cheek. Almost.

After completing my disguise with a pair of glasses, I found myself wondering if the mirror never lies.

Surprised at the man I’d become? Horrified more likely.

If you’ve seen Herb Ritts’ photographs of Cindy Crawford in drag you would know why. I’d expected to look like a studly, young guy. Instead I looked like a freak, a short low life, a statistic from the column marked long term undesirable. If clothes make the man then the outfit and glasses made me Mike, an uneducated geek. A walking contradiction and I seriously didn’t want to recognise myself.

Before the shock wore off Alexis handed me a condom and a tube of some blue gel with the instructions to “Fill ’er up!”. The joy at shaping my own manhood did little to discourage Freud’s theories of penis envy but I was determined to have something match my expectations. Alexis was horrified at the thick balloon in my hand: “Don’t make it too big,” she warned. “Just remember you’ve got to wear it”.

After reconsidering how much weight my pants could hold, I began my life as a man. Alexis suggested I practice a masculine strut and with much gusto I gave her a walk-by. I was literally a step ahead on the path to manhood thanks to my research. It was a dramatic paraphrasing of Iris Marion Young’s observations. She noted that even in the most simple bodily movements you can detect a gendered style and extension. Men are typically more open with their bodies and their gait and the masculine stride is proportionally longer. A man will typically swing his arms in a more open and loose fashion and keep a ‘Reggae’ rhythm in his step. Alexis promised to read Young’s article and suggested it helps to visualise each movement as an athletic activity.

“While putting on your glasses you should be flexing your muscles. Because, men are by no means superior athletes,” observed Jones. “More often their sporting efforts are displays of bravado than genuine skill”.

We spent an hour evaluating each other’s deportment, swigging beer and smoking cigarettes, before dialling a pizza. We burped, Alexis farted and I became accustomed to re-adjusting my crotch. She emphasised the use of strong language for emphasis and warned against buying anything labelled ‘diet’ (though Pepsi Max is considered acceptable). A revealing lesson detailed men’s room etiquette. In public toilets Jones recommended avoiding both eye-contact and the trough (unless researching the phenomenon of ‘stage fright’). “Remember the mantra” said Jones in closing, “real men shake dry...”.

To test my disguise Alexis suggested a visit to a local nightclub. After spending the afternoon getting dressed and drinking beer on an empty stomach I was keen. She drove and, though a well-informed local, I was soon lost. Thumping music grew louder as we climbed the stairs and entered through a partition directly onto the dancefloor.

Writhing bodies surrounded us and self-consciously we joined the rhythm. I looked around at the crowd expecting to see strange looks at my awkward dancing. Instead, I saw tall awkward women dancing with a few men. Alexis grabbed my arm, led me over to the bar and ordered drinks. I asked where we were. “Just the place for a drag king” said Jones, “Sydney’s most popular transvestite bar. You’d think that if anyone could see through your disguise it would be a fellow cross-dresser”.

Apparently not. As we watched, topless she-males circled the bar. I saw one guy who had quite obviously applied concealer to the five o’clock shadow on his breast implants. A pretty woman who looked like a bad Joan Collins glided by, tweaked my drawn-in cleft chin and whispered explicit nothings into my ear. My bladder reminded that some beer was demanding an urgent exit, so I mimed to Alexis that I was going to the toilet and became very confused. Both the Men’s and the Ladies’ rooms were filled with men in dresses. The suffocating smell of ammonia in the men’s coupled with the stalls with no doors left me with no choice but to use the Ladies’. But when I tried to enter a bunch of guys dressed as women wouldn’t let me through. They thought I was a guy. I probably represented half of the club’s female patronage! My bladder was getting gender bent out of shape. So I went back to the Mens’ and hoped I wouldn’t drop my phoney baloney.

With a great sense of relief I headed back to the bar and found Alexis absent. She must be having better luck in the ‘Ladies’ I assumed and took a seat. Minutes ticked by and anxiously I began to look around the club for her. In the process I made eye contact with a she-man who started to walk over. “Buy a lady a drink?” she asked with a deep, hoarse moan. Before I could reply she ordered a Rum and Coke and a Clit-Licker.

She introduced herself as Julie and made small talk while I looked around hoping to spy Alexis. The drinks quickly disappeared. Twenty then thirty minutes ticked by and Jones still hadn’t shown up. Julie asked me to dance and before we’d got to dance floor had rubbed my chest and exclaimed “Wow, what pecs!”. Her suggestive dancing was exceptionally good and unnerved me. Flirting is a gendered language like French but at a transvestite disco the roles seemed hilariously wrong. Julie began to rub against me and I twisted out of her arms giggling. If a chick with a dick got it on with a woman crossed-dressed as a man: wouldn’t it be heterosexual sex? It was getting warm and I worried that sweat would wash away my masculine facade. I waved to Julie and headed out the door thinking to catch a cab back to Alexis’ for my car. The cool air hit me as the alcohol did.

Then Julie stepped through the door behind me. “Are you going to ask me back for a coffee?” Julie enquired.
That wouldn’t be such a good idea I said and started down the street. With long strides she walked up next to me. “Fine” she said, “it’ll be the cafe around the corner then”.

We sat at a booth waiting for the waitress. I nervously looked at the young guys across the room and Julie explained that sexuality was like a beverage: “Some people develop a taste for flavours that defy the menu. See, you’ve got coffee or you’ve got hot chocolate. But some people like mocha” she said with a wink.
The waitress arrived and asked our orders.
“Two mocha’s” said Julie.
“No I’ll have a strong flat white” I said as the waitress turned to leave.
“Men” Julie cursed under her breath.
Within hours of becoming a man I was being blamed for the entire sex. It was enough to make me want to confess but I decided to play devil’s advocate. “You say that like you’re not male yourself” I argued. “Are you a Decaf?”
“I’m not” said Julie flatly and annoyed, “I’m a transsexual woman”.
This was like a big, red STOP sign in front of my argument. “You’re gay, right?” Julie asked - now erecting an entire set of traffic lights.

I hesitated before nodding, considering that as a heterosexual woman this would make me a homosexual man. (Which reminded me of Valerie Solanas’ line in her SCUM Manifesto, that: “To be sure he’s a ‘Man’, the male must see to it that the female be clearly a ‘Woman’, the opposite of a ‘Man’, that is, the female must act like a faggot”).

“So remember how you felt coming out” she continued. “All the shit and innuendo, the homophobia - now multiply it. Trannies are ridiculed by society, misunderstood and rejected. My father and brother think I’ve betrayed manhood by transitioning to my true female gender. My self-fulfilment isn’t about sex, it’s about reassigning my anatomy. I’m genitalia-challenged” Julie said with a sad, wry smile.
“It’s the same old ism of fearing what you don’t understand” I offered, trying to sound sympathetic.
“Yes - but that’s not going to solve anything. Transphobia is just another word, a label to counter all the insults. Society has got two sexes and a few labels and it keeps things simple if it stays that way. Hopefully these entrenched views will change. People will realise that transexuality is not a lifestyle decision. It isn’t cosmetic surgery, it’s a medical condition called gender identity disorder”.
“That sounds almost hormonal” I injected. “But isn’t it just another word like transsexual? Another label with another connotation to detail another aspect of gender?”
“Well what is gender but a hormonal process in the foetus?” replied Julie. “Our reproductive organs aren’t who we are. Gender interprets nature with a series of labels, but really it’s a scale, a spectrum, like the DJ’s crossfader switch between two turntables. One record’s playing testosterone and the other oestrogen. They’re extremes of masculinity and femininity” she said, warming to the metaphor. “You can label different spots on the mix and maybe market them as a new song. But really, somebody just put my record in the wrong cover”.
We laughed.

Later, after my coffee and more conversation, Julie invited me back for a hot chocolate.



Bibliography
Novak, Julie. Transphobia in our Community, August 1997. Quirk, Canberra free street press.
Radakovich, Anka. The Wild Girls Club: Tales from Below the Belt, 1995. Random House, Melbourne Australia.
Radakovich, Anka. Sexplorations, 1997. Random House, Melbourne Australia.
Solanas, Valerie. SCUM Manifesto quoted in Greer, Germaine The Female Eunuch, 1970. Granada Publishing Limited, Aylesbury Great Britain.
Young, Iris Marion. Throwing like a girl: a phenomenology of feminine body comportment, mobility and spatiality, 1990 [1980]. Reading Brick.

March into the archives : internet pornography

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March into the archives : 21-87

Arthur Lipsett's film 21-87 was the subject of the following Bassling blog post and, while not really archival, kinda picks up on my earlier piece about how Luke Skywalker was an influential SNAG (Sensitive New Age Guy)

This morning I was reading an article on George Lucas' new film and it reminded me of an earlier interview I'd read with him in which he talked about the influence of the film 21-87 by Arthur Lipsett, who worked for the National Film Board of Canada (who influenced one of my favourite bands, Boards of Canada).




The film that made the most profound impression on Lucas, however, was a short called 21-87 by a director named Arthur Lipsett, who made visual poetry out of film that others threw away. Working as an editor at the National Film Board, he scavenged scraps of other people's documentaries from trash bins, intercutting shots of trapeze artists and runway models with his own footage of careworn faces passing on the streets of New York and Montreal. What intrigued Lucas most was Lipsett's subversive manipulation of images and sound, as when a shot of teenagers dancing was scored with labored breathing that might be someone dying or having an orgasm. The sounds neither tracked the images nor ignored them - they rubbed up against them. Even with no plot or character development, 21-87 evoked richly nuanced emotions, from grief to a tenacious kind of hope - all in less than 10 minutes.


While there's a fair bit of trivia in the article for Star Wars fans, Lucas' fascination with the film is something that's been in the back of my mind. At the time I was studying television production and thought my lecturers gave sound less attention in the curriculum than it deserves. This view was furthered by a visit to the SMPTE conference in 2006 where one speaker described audio as being "more than 50%" of television because it is a medium that uses a lot of close-up framing, so sound provides context for the narrative.

Today I got around to watching 21-87 and I think it demonstrates the importance of audio and the way it shapes the viewer's comprehension. There are moments when you're watching this short film and the way the sound and picture comes together creates a sense of meaning that is different from what is conveyed in either medium separately.

Can you imagine what 21-87 would be like if Lipsett had tried to match sounds to the onscreen actions? It'd be like Funniest Home Videos, where silly sound effects try to make very ordinary video hilarious.

The other thing it's got me thinking about is a line I read about how when you're in the process of creating an art work you need to disable your critical thinking. You've got to run with your inspiration before trying to analyse the direction. There was a nice analogy about how inspiration and analysis is akin to trying to use first and reverse in your car at the same time. See 8 Bad Habits that Crush Your Creativity
And Stifle Your Success.


While television production emphasised that viewers anticipate that any action seen on screen will have a corresponding sound -- and this is something I've been focusing on when editing my park remix videos -- if you don't do this you open up space for new forms of meaning to be created. If you believe some people this conjuring of meaning is magic.

There's a lot of theory that's been written about editing images (again a demonstration of the focus on the visual, something of a human trait), like how if you cut from a woman's face to a picture of money being left on a pillow you will convey a meaning that she's a prostitute.

21-87 leaves me considering the potential of a kind of 'infinite semiosis' (to use semiotics) or free association to create multiple meanings depending on the viewer if you don't sync the sounds and pictures.

March into the archives : Alex Lloyd



The following interview was published in BMA Magazine in September 1998. At the time I credited Donna Haraway as co-author in reference to her cyborg manifesto that I'd recently read.

Alex Lloyd is a cyborg.

You can forget those apocalyptic images from science fiction because his flesh won't peel back to reveal a steel frame, but as a musician he is literally part man, part machine.

Alex was assimilated earlier this decade when the singer quit playing in Sydney's Mother Hubbard to pursue his solo career with a sampler and an old Atari. This former Catholic choirboy has undergone a digital conversion.

Since then his song 'Snow' has leapt from the Scream 2 soundtrack onto FM radio. His recent single/EP 'Black the Sun' continues on a similar circuit, programming atmospheric effects and beats alongside guitar, strings and melancholy vocals.

"There's more to sing about in a minor key," says Alex of the music's reflective properties. "My music gives me an overall feeling which I describe as old grain, crystal clear. A kind of mix of old and new."

The blend is distinct, embodying those feelings of loss and alienation that defined soul and grunge with the infinite possibilities of digital manipulation. It's a kind of post-grunge angst with a sense of triphop's emptiness, like an existential ghost in the machine.

"It is a kind of cyborg thing but that's the way we're going. As long as people don't forget about the sun and the trees and remember that we need oxygen," says Alex, emphasising those natural fuels for the organic elements in any cyborg -- what's required to remain the human.

"You have to keep the soul in a song. Sometimes I sit in front of these screens thinking 'What are you doing to yourself?' Then I'll go home and play the Playstation! It drives me crazy sometimes but at the end of the day I love what I'm doing and you know when it's got soul."

Alex gives the impression that his music draws from the alienation in the songwriting process itself. The benefits include having a programmed band that will do exactly what he wants. "And I can turn them off too," he notes.

But despite being able to dictate the direction of his music, Alex still requires human interaction. "It's difficult when you're working on your own. You really do have to find the right mood. I'll ask friends for their opinions and my engineer Trent helps out by playing harmonica and slide guitar on the EP. The beauty of the arrangement is that I can collaborate with whomever I want," says Alex, his words echoing the promise of the digital medium.

Alex Lloyd isn't the only cyborg who isn't about to forget his humanity and offers some melancholy pop music that's burned (almost) directly from his soul. Expressing distinctly human themes through the machine without sounding like just another product. Download some today.

March into the archives : Stone




This interview with Sandy Harbutt, director of the classic Australian biker movie Stone, was published in BMA Magazine in 1999.


Five years before Mad Max drove across cinema screens around the world, ‘Stone’ provided a local version of the 70s cop movie. It’s got car chases, gunfights and machismo with sideburns. If an Australian Dirty Harry had gone undercover in ‘Easy Rider’ it might have looked something like this.

Live to Ride magazine called it “The best biker movie ever produced” and it has a fondness for these outlaws. Sandy Harbutt says he made ‘Stone’ as a reaction against the representation of bikie culture.

“They put bikies in ‘Homicide’ and they’d be pathetic guys about seventeen years old, weighing six stone and riding Honda 250s. I thought it was a lie. The truth was something dynamic and it was just a matter of coming up with a story to frame it.

"There were other contemporary stories to tell but I knew I’d have the support of the motorbike community. Which helped as I pretty much conned everything in that film. It was made for almost nothing. It was all begged, borrowed and stolen. You’d say that the shots themselves were stolen.

"While shooting the race sequences the police would turn up and say we couldn’t do this. We’d ask where they were from and they’d say North Sydney. So we’d tell them that we got it cleared with some bloke in Chatswood we’d spoken to about something else three weeks earlier and it would be okay. We got away with it but it took enormous discipline to get it down and get out.”

Audiences in 1999 might think that the last 25 years have been unkind to ‘Stone,’ it’s so retro that it can provoke laughter. But the film needn’t cringe because it offers an interesting window into Australian society of 1974. Aside from images of policemen driving HQ Kingswoods there is thinly veiled discussion of how returned soldiers from the Vietnam war had been marginalised by society, a subject which didn’t appear in American cinema until ‘The Deer Hunter’ in 1979.

‘Stone’ is also prescient in featuring a rally for the environment, a theme which was popularised in the 80s. Harbutt explains that the shots in the opening sequence were a contemporary event which had been integrated into the screenplay. “I was sitting at home on a Saturday morning and heard on the radio that Georges River had been polluted and all the fish were dying. The signs saying No Fishing, No Swimming and Pollution were all real. A lot of people have said they look fake but it was actually true.”

Harbutt says the two themes of Vietnam and the environment were part of a larger argument he wanted to make. “We were seeing pictures of B52s bombing Vietnam and pictures of napalmed people in the streets. They were telling us that napalm could clear 50 hectares of forest so that they could find the enemy. And for what? ‘Stone’ reflects part of what was going on in the world. In those days people were keen to fight capitalism, something they’re not doing today. With the Soviet Union gone there is no check for capitalism except for the voice of the artist.”

It’s an interesting argument coming from Harbutt, who learnt filmmaking through working in advertising. But perhaps it is because of this that he is aware of how effective entertainment can be as a method for provoking thought. “I believe the cinema is the most powerful medium because if you get someone sitting in the dark with no choice but to look, listen and take part with the audience in this experience then you have a chance to say something to them. There are genuine intellectual battles to be fought and I think the motion picture screen is a great place to fight them.”

Whether audiences have recognised these political messages or not, ‘Stone’ is definitely a lot of fun. So much so that in 1991 there was an unsubtle American rip-off made called ‘Stone Cold’. Sandy Harbutt says he thought about suing them but admits “I ‘spose that’s a compliment.”

Copyright has gone wrong




Last year I screened Metropolis as part of the Leeton Art Deco Festival and one of the reasons I chose the film was knowing it was out of copyright. As the screening approached I decided to double-check whether it was really out of copyright and discovered it was actually under consideration to return to copyright.

Earlier this year Metropolis returned to copyright. The Golan v Holder decision of the US Supreme Court saw a range of works yanked from the public domain, including Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf -- which will impact on the opportunities for orchestras to play this popular piece.

Copyright and its enforcement is out of control. Recently there have been reports of a video uploaded to YouTube that was taken from the owner on the basis of a spurious claim to copyrighted material within the clip.

Copyright currently exists for a minimum of 70 years beyond the death of the author, which seems over the top if it's meant to exist to ensure authors benefit from their creations. But, of course, contemporary works are complex creations with multiple 'authors' and many of these seem to be corporate entities if you believe Alex Cox:

It's so corrupt. Now they want to have longer copyright periods because they say the young artists are relying on this money. The young artists never see any money because they sign away that money to big media corporations, like Universal and Viacom. We, the artists, lose all of our rights to these massive corporations, who then come down heavy on these kids for downloading films and music that we never see a penny from. It's complete bullshit. I want to encourage your audience to go and pirate a bunch of my stuff right away.


Laws are meant to reflect the societies they govern and I don't think copyright law reflects contemporary usage of copyrighted materials because copyright extensions have rendered them irrelevant.

If you consider the secretive way in which copyright laws like ACTA are written then I think more people should be concerned at the way governments have been lobbied by business interests to create laws that don't reflect social attitudes.

However, it's great to see that more people than ever are created content via the internet these days because there are alternatives to copyright available with many of these services. Creative commons is one very adaptable alternative and the beauty of it is the way it encourages people to extend your content. I've been very flattered by remixes that others have done of my recordings, although sometimes I've appeared less than flattering in my remixes of others.

March into the archives : Duke Ellington



The following summary of Duke Ellington's career was published in BMA Magazine on 17 February 2000, ahead of Wynton Marsalis leading the Lincoln Centre Jazz Orchestra in a performance of Ellington's songs.

In 1917 when 'Duke' Ellington was eighteen, he'd wanted to become a painter. In the decades that followed, Ellington remained a painter although it was in the guise of a jazz composer.

In conducting his orchestra Ellington arranged music as though it were colour on a canvas, with deft movements of his hand (the piano his brush) he would sketch sonic landscapes and illustrate a path for the other musicians.

Yet Ellington should not be viewed as a maestro in the mold of European composers like Mozart; the Duke's talent was to recognise and arrange melodies that were created through the improvisation of his band. Most Ellington pieces were collective arrangements and as much the music of each individual member but Duke headed the collective.

It was through a dynamic willpower that Ellington stamped his ideas onto his musicians and, while he developed their talents, this leadership is his claim to authorship.

Duke Ellington has earned his stature in the history of jazz for many reasons and it has been claimed that he founded a number of innovations. These included the tune 'Caravan' written by his Puerto Rican-born trombonist Juan Tizol in 1937, which paved the sub-genre of latin jazz; and, perhaps more importantly, the history of jazz bass stretches through Ellington's work form the first recording with an amplified bass, 'Hot and bothered' in 1928, through to the influential playing of Jimmy Blanton in the 1940s, who helped make the instrument what it is today.

Above all, Ellington's career had longevity. From his start with a five-piece combo, who (according to popular myth) were so poor they had to split a hotdog between them to keep from starving, the Duke headed the most significant big band in an era when big bands were like pop groups are today.

His final landmark was the '70th birthday concert' which was chosen in 1969 as 'Jazz record of the year' all over the world. On 25 May 1974 Ellington died of pneumonia in a New York hospital, only a few weeks after musicians including Leonard Bernstein and Miles Davis had paid homage to him on his 75th birthday.

The importance of his music cannot be overstated.

Rainy days




Recent rains and reports of flooding reminded me of these scenes of flooding that were seen along the Murrumbidgee River in previous years.

March into the archives : Star Wars



Woroni, the ANU student newspaper, ran my piece on the cultural impact of Star Wars in April 1997, ahead of the 20th anniversary re-release of the film.
Ahead of the re-release of the film in 3D, the argument that Luke Skywalker was an influential SNAG seems worthy of further consideration as George Lucas' new film embraces another civil rights topic


While media attention regarding the re-release of Star Wars has focused on the digital enhancements, the opportunity to analyse the effects of this cultural phenomenon has been neglected.

Just as film scholars have proposed that the Oedipal plots of the film noir genre were inspired by the spread of Freudian psychoanalytic theory, I propose that the impact of Star Wars contributed to the creation of the Sensitive New Age Guy (or SNAG). To argue this I will concentrate solely on the first film and not the original trilogy nor the subsequent pre-trilogy.

The term SNAG is a recent addition to our vocabulary and is thought to have entered into popular usuage within the last 30 years. It is noticeably absent from dictionaries in the Chifley Library.

Feminism and the women's movement were firmly entrenched in public knowledge at the time of Star Wars release in 1977. There are only two female characters in Star Wars: Princess Leia and Luke's short-lived Aunt Beru. Leia revolutionised the role of women in science fiction and her influence can be seen in later characters such as Ripley in Alien and Sarah Connor in The Terminator.

Though she may not fly an X-wing into battle (even recently released science fiction like Independence Day maintain women can't fly), Leia survives an Imperial torture device without revealing Rebel secrets, uses scathing sarcasm to undermine the male authority of Darth Vader, General Tankim and later Han Solo, wastes a few stormtroopers and takes charge to blast a way out of the Death Star's detention centre ("Somebody has to save our skins").

In comparison Aunt Beru, as a submissive older woman from an earlier generation, is happy cooking vegetables with her chrome-plated food processor. Furthermore, Feminism is given a veiled reference by Han Solo who, after referring to Leia as "Sister" says "I ain't in this for your revolution" -- linking the fight of the Rebels against the Evil Empire to fight against social patriarchy.

The SNAG message is conveyed to the audience via Luke Skywalker's indoctrination into the Jedi ideology. Under instruction from Obi Wan Kenobi, Luke is taught to use the Force ("An energy field...which penetrates and binds the galaxy together") and to develop a skill akin to women's intuition.

This process shapes young Luke into a classic SNAG as Obi encourages him to "trust your feelings" and "stretch out with your emotions" while instructing him to ignore his rational (and 'masculine') thoughts with "let go of your conscious self" and "your eyes can deceive you, don't trust them".

Luke learns these 'feminine' traits quickly and by the film's final third he tells Leia he cares, doesn't flinch from expressing his sorrow at Obi's death and learns to use sarcasm ("Take care of yourself Han, I guess that's what you're best at").

It is important to note the benefits of SNAG qualities are reinforced in the viewer in two ways. Firstly, through the rivalry between Luke and Han to win the affections of Leia. The bold Captain Solo (who dismisses both the Force and Leia's "female advice") admires her spirit, while Luke describes Leia as beautiful from his first encounter with her holographic image.

Their rivalry is explicit during a conversation when Han asks "What do you think, a princess and a guy like me?" To which Luke replies quickily and sulkily "No". Within a subdued context in the film's final scene, the SNAG gets the Princess as illustrated during the award ceremony. Leia ignores Han Solo's sleazy smuggler's grin and common wink to bestow upon Luke a full pearly white smile.

The SNAG as a sexual conqueror is suggested during the climactic battle where the vulnerable Death Star is exposed to fighters using phallic torpedoes. I propose this is a metaphor for reproduction, with the ovum being penetrated (which you may recall is a function of the Force) by the successful sperm of a "one man" X-wing spacecraft. Our fearless SNAG hero uses the Force to endure longer than his fellow Rebel pilots, who "can't hold on" and merely "impact on the surface".

Thus Luke, an ex-dirt farmer turned star blazing SNAG, wins the day and Star Wars influences a generation of males to get in touch with their feelings and use the Force to win a princess.

March into the archives : The Avalanches



The following interview with some guy from The Avalanches was published in BMA Magazine in November 1998. Picture with the author taken by 'Pling at their Canberra show earlier in the year.

You may have been fortunate enough to see The Avalanches earlier this year at the BMA sixth birthday or just recently when they were here supporting Public Enemy. They'll return to Canberra this month and spoke to us to bring everyone up to date on their show.

You've just finished touring with Public Enemy, would did that go?

"Excellent. We expected the most unfriendly hardcore dudes and they were almost nicer than anyone we've ever met. In fact I think PE perceived us as 12-year olds. They kind of took us under their wing and explained the facts of life to us."

So they were paternal?

"Chuck D especially. Flav in a kind of supercilious way. Flav's pretty much unlike anyone we've ever met but he was fantastic. They were all so friendly, I mean we had soundchecks where I think they sort of dug it to a degree and Chuck even talked about the possibility of distributing our records."

So when are we going to see an album from The Avalanches?

"Maybe next year. I think the plan is to do an EP again. I especially want to aim it at 12 inches. We want to get in the clubs. I'd love to get DJs to play our music. It's kind of moving in different directions. And that's gonna kind of help us with doing our EPs in that we don't need a concept for each one. Kind of like the way we started, we never really thought we'd be hiphop. We wanted to be all yelping and screaming but it's sort of -- I mean we all listen to hiphop but -- the new stuff doesn't go down that route."

When The Avalanches came out it was so obvious there'd been a vacuum for an Australian hiphop act.

"It does but we don't want the responsibility."

You live show doesn't really seem like a hiphop show. You've got those influences in your music but there's a whole different icing on top.

"Yeah, it's like everyone wants to talk about how we sound like the Beastie Boys. I don't think say that about our new stuff though, it's sort of '70s electronic music and a lot of house music and disco. The other thing we're trying in the studio -- I don't know how, we're still experimenting -- is to get orchestral parts and jazz chords and string songs together which have structures without beats. It's sort of like pop music, kind of psychedelic like Mercury Rev or the Beach Boys."

Sort of like you're drawing on whatever sonic elements you can get your hands on?

"Yeah, well, we've got a pretty nice abount of vinyl to draw on and to go crazy with. I still don't really play any parts. We still pretty much sample everything."

Have you guys really got a garage full of vinyl?

"Yeah, I got a garage and I got a house full. The garage is only for seven inches! They're useless. There's no point in having them. That was just a by-product of a steal I got, it was only $500 for the room! Two thousand LPs and four thousand singles!"

So, there's some good stuff in there?

"The best bit was 150 production records from '60s soundtracks, I would have paid $500 for these alone. It's just ten seconds of either jingle music or sound effects or spooky noises. That itself is free of copyrights, so that was the best thing about it."

Speaking of samples, there's one that I am curious about...

"Ha ha! We haven't cleared any! Only if it's live can I tell you."

What about the guitar riff at the beginning of the second verse in 'Rock city'?

"We've used that sample on about four different tracks. That's from the record that changed our life. It's by Koichi Oki and the name of the record is Yamaha Superstar. Seriously, we were a guitar band when first heard this record. It's a demonstration record for this fantastic, out of space organ that Yamaha brought out in the late '60s and this guy does covers. The best example is the first track, 'Light my fire'. The organ is so out of time and so extremely mixed that we were just blown away. So we just threw away the guitars and bought organs!"

March into the archives : Ben Elton



The following interview with Ben Elton was published in BMA Magazine in April 1997. Picture taken at his appearance in Canberra.

Ben Elton talks fast. His sentences overlap in a way that commas cannot do justice. Add to his manic monologue the delay of a transatlantic phoneline and you have an interviewee invincible to even the quickest interjection.

His output as a writer alone seems incredible, never mind the fact he's also a stand-up comedian. Since writing television highlights such as The Young Ones and later series of Black Adder, he's written the novel Stark and appeared in the adaptation, written Gridlock, the play Gasping and Popcorn, which is both a novel and a play due to open in London's West End.

Four months into his stand-up tour of the UK, Ben Elton recently answered questions on his prolific output and responded to the view his most recent novel Popcorn reads as an attack on the stylised violence produced by Hollywood.

"That's been misunderstood. I mean sure there's a lot of satire, because as you know, I take the piss out of myself and everything around me, but the initial inspiration was very clear. On the plane out to Australia from Britain, I'd been reading that Natural Born Killers had been banned in Britain because there was a real fear that violent movies directly influence people to commit violent acts. I'm less interested in that debate than what the repercussions of the actual debate are.

"If you have eminent journalists honestly saying 'I think NBK creates murderers' then if I were a murderer and got caught then I'd blame Oliver Stone. Amazingly that's begun to happen, well not because I wrote the thing, but I seem to have been about the right time because Oliver Stone is getting sued. Not by the villains, but that will be next, he's being sued by the victims.

"This is a dark and hilarious and deeply dramatic thing because where lies personal responsibility in that? Where lies justice? Are we to see a society where Hollywood producers are in prison for murder and murderers are on Oprah whining about how Hollywood rendered them dysfunctional?"

One observation is your heroes never get the girl. Is this something carried over from your personal life?

"Well, more recently I've been very fortunate and am married now and am very happy but I know what's like to be a straight git and we've all been there. My comedy tends to celebrate uncool. I like uncool. I think that people trying to be cool is a real worry for the world. We have this horrible term in Britain, an anorak. If you call someone an anorak, it's like calling them a dag. Well, people wearing fucking anoraks because it's cold and it rains in Britain, not because they're trying to impress anyone.

"I've always been on that side and I think a lot of British comedy has. If you look at Basil Fawlty or Rik in The Young Ones, they're about dags. Whereas American comedy, not to have a go at it because I think some of it's wonderful, but it tends to celebrate cool.

"If you look at the heroes of Friends, they're so wonderfully cool and even something brilliant like Seinfeld, they're still kind of cool at the end of it. They get the last laugh, whereas Basil Fawlty never did.

"I don't think that's better or worse, it's just a cultural thing. I think I'm in that tradition, so if my heroes don't get the girl or the boy or whatever, it's because I 'spose we're all scared of not getting the girl or boy and there's a lot of comedy in that."

So your characters flaunt their defects, like Zimmerman in Stark -- a masculine action hero without a dick.

"That's right. I like to see the heroism in not being very heroic. None of us live up to the images or whatever. Have a look at a McDonalds or a Coke ad and then go see the people eating McDonalds and drinking Coke, which is you and me. We just don't look like those models, do we? And that's where I base my comedy, it's in the real McDonalds."

What can you tell us about your new show?

"Well, it's two hours of brand new stand-up comedy basically. I never describe comedy because it always sounds boring and I always give the same example.

"In 1981 we went to the BBC to pitch the idea of The Young Ones to the head of light comedy there then, and he'd been told 'Hey, these kind of wild, mad people are coming in with this weird stuff.' And we sat in his office and he said 'So scare me, you're apparently the scary guys.' And we said, 'Well, it's this story about four not-very-clean people who live in a house together' and it sounded so weak we were about to crawl out and agree to do Terry and June or whatever.

"So I never try to describe a gag, you've got to come to the gig."

Failed vegan

This February I attempted to follow a vegan diet. I failed, eating meat about half a dozen times and ate dairy products about a dozen times.

I was motivated to restrict the foods I eat for a number of reasons but mostly to see if I could. The foods I most craved were eggs, tuna and cheese but cooking a batch of chocolate brownies last week probably undid me the most.

One good thing about going vegan was avoiding eat crap fried foods and pigging out on cheese, particularly when a platter was presented when I had an empty stomach. One bad thing was I found myself snacking throughout the afternoon and evening. I guess the lack of protein might have contributed to feeling hungry but I'm easily distracted by the thought of eating and have been hanging around the house recently.

Milk was easy enough to replace in a lot things but I'm not happy that soy and rice equivalents are respectively about one and half and twice as expensive, especially since they don't seem to be as effective in tea and coffee. Rice milk is great in fruit smoothies though, adding a silky texture that's much appreciated in the banana and mango drinks I've been enjoying.

Banksy on advertising

P.S. -- Apparently this wasn't Banksy

My dude-oir



According to my better half, the two rooms I occupy in our household are my boudoir and my dude-oir.

Who will cry for Walter White?



Breaking Bad is one of the better TV shows screening at the moment and there are a lot of things I enjoy about the series but the acting, direction and writing are all noteworthy.

The storyline follows the career changes of Walter White, from high school science teacher to criminal mastermind. He seems like a Ned Flanders-like guy and I like the sense the show is a kind of perversion of the usual superhero story as Walter learns to use his powers as a chemist for evil in making high quality amphetamine.



Bryan Cranston is the actor who plays Walter and I've noticed that as the show has progressed he's gained a producer credit. I guess he's had a role in developing the character of Walter and influenced the plot of the show, as well as being integral to its continued success.

Breaking Bad creator Vince Gilligan has said the character of Walter had to be simultaneously loathsome and sympathetic, and that "Bryan alone was the only actor who could do that, who could pull off that trick. And it is a trick. I have no idea how he does it."

Giancarlo Esposito acts the role of villain Gustav Fring on Breaking Bad and he's spoken on this dynamic as actors influence the shape of TV characters and plot development.



In early seasons of the show they regularly used a 'flash forward' device to build tension by showing a destructive outcome from the end of the episode in the bit before the opening titles -- which is a great way to catch a viewer's attention at the point when they're deciding whether or not to watch the show.

I like how the narrative for some episodes could probably be explained in a sentence or two but are filmed in a way that stretches time for maximum tension and dramatic effect.

As the show heads into production of its fifth and final season, I've been enjoying thinking about what might be the fatal flaw in the character of Walter White. There have been a few scenes where his ego has gotten in the way of his better judgment and it'll be interesting to see whether his desire to be recognised for producing high quality drugs undoes what he's achieved.

Then again, there are so many ways they could conclude the show and it's already packed so many surprises that there are sure to be more but I'd like to see Walter get away with it. I think my chances are good too, because moral ambiguity has been discovered by US producers in recent years. It's like they're finally freeing themselves from the Hays Production Code.

More importantly, who will cry for Walter White aside from his on-screen family?

Wild design



Not sure which modern decade these wooden blocks were first sold in but the trippy design on the box says it was another era.

Inclusive?



The "fun, safe and inclusive program designed for GIRLS ONLY"!

Chillis




These homegrown chillis have been making me smile. The bottom one is a habanero and are very hot.

Tasty wholegrain chips



These Woolworths Select wholegrain sweet chilli chips are really moorish.

I bought them reduced but I'll be tempted to pay full price for them in the near future as I really like the 'length' of the taste because I have difficulty reconciling the high amount of energy in chips with the very brief amount of taste they provide.

The "sweet chilli" flavour works really well with the wholegrain chips. The most immediate taste is acidic like balsamic vinegar with a hint of tomato and then the spicy pepper starts to warm, before sweetness returns as you chew the grains. I got the impression there's a decent amount of sugar included as it's listed twice in the ingredients.

Big wet

I don't understand the effect that the film Big Fish has on me.

Tonight I watched it again. Actually, it was more like I half-watched it. But as soon as they start talking about going to the river, I start crying.

My son was watching it with me, interrupting to talk about playing Zelda after the film and he said he started crying too. Then as the credits role we're both acting like nothing happened.

It seems we were both allowing our attention to drift away from watching Big Fish yet it managed to extract moisture from our tear ducts in final scenes. It's quite magical to me how it can do this but so is the film I guess. There are many memorable images in it, yet they're vaguely familiar. Maybe it's the symbolism?

One of the things that resonates for me while watching Big Fish is that it's a film about becoming a father and how it changes your own relationship with your father. This is one of the best things about having kids for me because I found I could let go of a lot of angst once I started to see things from the viewpoint of being a parent.

More DJ Food action

Future of cinemas

Wagga's Daily Advertiser has a piece today on the challenges faced by cinemas seeking to stay current by moving to digital projection.

In my opinion, the real challenge for cinemas is to ensure future generations continue to seek entertainment in their darkened halls. Digital distribution is already benefiting these consumers, who are finding it much quicker and cheaper to download the same content and watch it in home cinemas.

However, digital projection offers cinemas the chance to greatly expand the services they offer. How about watching the Olympics in real-time away from the crap atmosphere of a pub? How about becoming a venue for digital games? How about becoming the place where local content producers premiere their work?

This last idea is something I think I'll pursue to launch my forthcoming album of Leeton park remixes.

Man of Steel on The Iron Lady



Former Prime Minister John Howard wrote a review of the film The Iron Lady that was published in the Australian Financial Review (AFR) last week and I was entertained by this typo where 'retelling' appeared as 'retailing'. It seemed a sly dig at how the film uses a public figure to generate interest in a story that focuses on bigger themes than the career of Margaret Thatcher. The film made me consider that idea that women can have a career or a family and I think this is as much a focus as the actual career of Thatcher.

The more I thought about Howard's review the more I thought he'd missed a lot in the film. I can understand why he wasn't impressed with its portrayal of Thatcher, because The Iron Lady focuses more on how age has inevitably taken a toll on the once formidable politician. Howard mentions more than once the time he'd spent with Margaret and her husband Denis, as well his admiration for her career but I guess the reviewer might also be a bit unsettled by how he could similarly be portrayed. There are parallels to be drawn between both prime ministers -- aside from metal references as Howard was christened a "man of steel" by US president George W. Bush.

Howard argues there's "a broad ideological context in which the film can be viewed" and links it to criticism of Thatcher from "the progressive left," which is a label that probably applies to my political leaning. I left the film with more admiration of Thatcher's achievements than when I entered but ultimately it is a film and the representation of history must fit within a specific narrative.

At uni I learned that all histories are stories and one should be alert to plot devices which make them effective. This is where I think Howard fails as a film reviewer because he criticises the storytelling for being inaccurate when it obviously is looking for a different audience than that of a documentary and needs to shoehorn historical fact into a three act structure. It was interesting to me that the AFR's Review section which featured Howard's review on the front page had a line on the back page that "a great novel can take implausible fact and turn it into entirely believable fiction" because this also applies to film.

It should be noted there's a broad commercial context in which the film can be viewed too. I'd guess the success of The Queen led to producers cast about for similar subject matter and this contributed to the production of The Iron Lady.

The great leveler

I like the following from The Masonic Myth by Jay Kinney:

The Web, in its role as the great leveler, has rendered any site as more or less equal to any other site, undermining the former barriers and distinctions between "official" and "alternative" realities. This has contributed to the present juncture's unique psychological state in the population at large -- a mixture of expectation and dread that might be characterized as the mainstreaming of paranoia.

What's so secret about the ACTA?

On Friday night a mate spruiked on Facebook this video he had edited together by taking footage from a B-grade horror movie and a soundtrack by Queens of the Stone Age:



On Saturday I started thinking about how out of touch copyright is with what people are doing these days. I mean, Australia's copyright laws were way behind people copying their CDs to put on their iPods and now it seems like everyone is making a mash-up of some kind.

The thing is that copyright seems to be getting longer and laws are getting tougher and this effectively turns people like my mate into criminals.

One of the interesting things in WikiLeaks' cables has been the repeated demonstration of the importance attached to intellectual property interests by US diplomats. The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is the latest push by the US to get countries around the world to tighten copyright and I've been shocked to see Australia sign up without any sort of debate in parliament.

Basically we're seeing a policy developed by lobby groups go straight past democratic process to get a few steps from becoming law.

It goes further than my mate editing videos, it means Australia will rely on imported intellectual property and will be tied to using it in the way dictated by corporations. Think of Monsanto as having a greater say in your life than your local member of parliament.

Australia signed the ACTA agreement on 1 October 2011. Here are a couple of comments on ACTA from Wikipedia:

Since ACTA is an international treaty, it is an example of policy laundering used to establish and implement legal changes. Policy laundering allows legal provisions to be pushed through via closed negotiations among private members of the executive bodies of the signatories. This method avoids use of public legislation and its judiciary oversight. Once ratified, companies belonging to non-members may be forced to follow the ACTA requirements since they will otherwise fall out of the safe harbor protections. Also, the use of trade incentives and the like to persuade other nations to adopt treaties is a standard approach in international relationships. Additional signatories would have to accept ACTA's terms without much scope for negotiation...

Newspapers reported that the draft agreement would empower security officials at airports and other international borders to conduct random ex officio searches of laptops, MP3 players, and cellular phones for illegally downloaded or "ripped" music and movies. Travellers with infringing content would be subject to a fine and may have their devices confiscated or destroyed.


While Australia rolled over for the US, Europeans have shown more spine:

Kader Arif, European rapporteur for ACTA, subsequently resigned from his position on 26 January 2012 saying "I want to send a strong signal and alert the public opinion about this unacceptable situation. I will not take part in this masquerade."

On 3 February 2012, Poland announced it halted the ratification process as it "had made insufficient consultations before signing the agreement in late January, and it was necessary to ensure it was entirely safe for Polish citizens."


I'll try to leave aside my usual complaints about copyright but it's worth reflecting on the massive increases in copyright extensions that have been made in recent decades. Copyright now extends about a lifetime after the death of the author, so you can hardly justify the protection of creative works as being for the benefit of the creator. Laws are meant to reflect public opinion and, as mentioned, I think copyright laws don't reflect how the public use copyrighted material.

Copyright rant aside, it's still a shock to see the way lobbying shapes political processes. I believe it's even more worrisome in the light of recent protests against the Murray Darling Basin Authority's draft plans. These will impact greatly upon the cost of food in Australia as well as future food security and they can be linked to signing the Ramsar treaty and other international agreements.

ACTA might seem like a small matter and the trade minister might say there's no requirement to change domestic laws but the truth is that these treaties are the thin edge of the wedge when it comes to influence upon Australian laws and lives.

In the US, ACTA was dubbed an "executive agreement" rather than a "treaty," which allowed negotiators to skip the ordinary Senate ratification process. If ACTA becomes a binding part of international law, it will create a precedent for future treaties that avoid basic principles of transparency and democratic accountability.

100 Notions from a Nation of Two



This exhibition at the Wagga Gallery looks tops.

I've been a fan of the McEwans' work running The CAD Factory after visiting to see and hear Bruce Odland's installation and performance last year.

These sorts of collaborative processes are always fascinating. I've been involved in few, most recently the Ninja Remix Chain and Cut & Run project. The thing I like best is the sense of dialogue but it's also good to observe the characteristics of the response and consider what motifs and themes the participants use.

Watching the Watchmen



There's an irony in the news that DC Comics are producing seven prequel comics based on the Watchmen series developed by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons.

According to the Wikipedia entry on Watchmen Moore first developed the story based on some out of date characters DC Comics had bought. The company baulked at the idea of potentially destroying these properties, so Moore and Gibbons created new characters. The story of Watchmen even seems to acknowledge this as it's a story featuring the children of superheroes.

In hindsight it's quite funny that these substitutes are getting a new lease on life when the originals were denied one.

Alan Moore lands a blow in saying "I tend to take this latest development as a kind of eager confirmation that they are still apparently dependent on ideas that I had 25 years ago."

I'm happy to reserve judgment on the new prequels until they garner enough critical praise that I feel the need to read them.

The Watchmen movie was fun and the original comics were extraordinary when they first came out but have dated. You really get a sense of the Cold War climate when reading them now and the innovation of adult themes in comic books isn't remarkable anymore.

Alan Moore, however, continues to amaze and surprise me -- most recently with Neonomicon, which has the dubious distinction of perverting the work of HP Lovecraft.

Happiness is ripe tomatoes



I love the smell of ripe tomatoes. If they could bottle that scent then I'd consider wearing it.

Looking forward to making brushcetta with these tomorrow.

Elegant English this is not